International Journal of Homoeopathic Sciences

Background: Hypertension is a significant public health concern globally and a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Lifestyle modifications, including dietary changes, increased physical activity, weight management, and stress reduction, are often recommended as first-line interventions. However, the effectiveness of these interventions in improving blood pressure control has not been consistently summarized.

Objective: To systematically review and evaluate the efficacy of lifestyle modification interventions on blood pressure control in hypertensive patients.

Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases (e.g., PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase) was conducted from inception to [specify date]. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies assessing the impact of lifestyle modifications on systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive adults were included. Key interventions analysed included dietary approaches (e.g., DASH diet, sodium restriction), physical activity, weight loss, and stress management. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane tools, and meta-analysis was performed when feasible.

Results: A total of 6 studies were included. Participants had a mean age of Z years, with 55% being male. Studies assessed dietary interventions (50%), physical activity (30%), combined approaches (15%), and stress management (5%). Dietary modifications, particularly the DASH diet and sodium reduction, resulted in an average reduction of systolic blood pressure by 8-12 mmHg and diastolic pressure by 4-6 mmHg. Physical activity (e.g., aerobic exercise) led to reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 5-10 mmHg and 3-6 mmHg, respectively. Weight loss was consistently associated with improved blood pressure control, with reductions averaging 7 mmHg systolic per 5% weight loss. Stress reduction interventions had variable results, with mindfulness practices yielding modest improvements.

Conclusion: Lifestyle modifications, particularly dietary changes, physical activity, and weight loss, are effective in improving blood pressure control among hypertensive patients. While individual interventions provide benefits, combined approaches yield the most significant reductions. Long-term adherence and integration into routine care are critical for sustained effects.