International Journal of Homoeopathic Sciences

Kidney stones are different types of mineral salts that mix with the organic matrix that forms in the urinary tract. When stones move from the kidneys to the ureters, symptoms of renal colic can occur and lead to urinary tract infections and/or infections. In fact, renal stone pain is one of the leading causes of emergency room visits. Incidence of kidney stones has more than doubled in the United States (and many developed countries) in the past four years; about 11% of men and 7% of women have kidney stones. Unless the underlying cause of the stone formation is adequately addressed, the recurrence rate of kidney stones is about 50%. Most kidney stones consist of calcium (calcium oxalate and/or calcium phosphate), either pure or combined with uric acid. Pure uric acid stones account for 8% to 10% of all stones, but are more common in older stones with type 2 diabetes and/or metabolic disease. Uric acid stones are usually caused by too much acid in the urine. Cystine stones are caused by inactivating mutations in genes that code for tubular transporters that reabsorb the amino acid cysteine. Lifestyle changes (increased fluid intake, decreased salt intake, increased calcium and animal protein intake) as well as drug therapy for metabolic abnormalities may cause severe symptoms and side effects. Stones that form in the urine, kidneys, ureters, and bladder are called urolithiasis. Urinary stones are quite common. Approximately 5-15% of the population is affected by urinary stones, so its occurrence is higher than the above stone formation.