International Journal of Homoeopathic Sciences

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for innovative therapeutic and preventive strategies to address emerging viral threats. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising field, offering versatile approaches through nanoparticle-based systems for both prophylactic and therapeutic applications. Nanoparticles possess unique physicochemical properties, such as high surface-to-volume ratio, targeted delivery capabilities, and enhanced stability, making them suitable candidates for antiviral interventions. These platforms have been explored for drug delivery, vaccine development, diagnostic applications, and surface coatings to prevent viral transmission. Metallic nanoparticles, lipid-based carriers, and polymeric nanoparticles demonstrate significant potential in inhibiting viral replication, enhancing immune response, and reducing systemic toxicity. Furthermore, functionalized nanoparticles can improve bioavailability and ensure controlled release of antiviral agents. This review focuses on the recent advancements in nanoparticle-based strategies as defensive and beneficial tactics against COVID-19, highlighting their mechanisms, advantages, and potential role in future pandemic preparedness.