International Journal of Homoeopathic Sciences

Gelsemium sempervirens L. (Gelsemium) is a medicinal plant traditionally used in both conventional medicine and homeopathy for the treatment of anxiety, neuroses, and other nervous system disorders ^{[1, 6, 11]}. Experimental studies in rodents and cell-based models have demonstrated that low doses or dilutions of Gelsemium exhibit neurotropic, immunomodulatory, and gastroprotective effects, and point to molecular actions on neuronal signaling pathways and gene expression ^{[2, 3, 5, 6, 12]}. Phytochemical analyses have revealed multiple indole and oxindole alkaloids such as gelsemine, gelsemicine, and gelsedine as major bioactive constituents ^{[6, 15, 22]}. Toxicological research highlights a narrow therapeutic index for both crude extracts and isolated alkaloids, though recent reviews describe advances in detoxification methods and clinical management of poisoning ^{[1, 8]}. This review provides an overview of the botanical characteristics, traditional applications, phytochemistry, experimental neuropharmacology, immunological and gastric effects, and toxicology of Gelsemium based on animal, cellular, and phytochemical studies ^{[2, 5, 6, 12]}.